FIVE FAVOURITES: Dermabrasion

Creators of brooding gothic anthems that rumble with discontent, Toronto-based duo Dermabrasion are preparing to release their upcoming debut album, Pain Behaviour, on 26th January via Hand Drawn Dracula.

Formed of Adam Bernhardt and Kat McGouran, Dermabrasion bonded over a shared fascination with punk music, the occult and the corporeal form. Inspired by Roman Catholicism, LaVeyan Satanism, genre fiction and how this literature affects humanity’s outlook on power, shame and duty, Dermabrasion’s Pain Behaviour is a formidable concoction of post-punk, industrial and metal influences, culminating in a sound they’ve coined as “death rock and roll.”

We think one of the best ways to get to know a band is by asking what music inspired them to write in the first place. We caught up with Adam and Kat to ask about their “Five Favourites” – five albums that have inspired their songwriting techniques. Check out their choices below and scroll down to listen to their latest single ‘Magic Missile’ at the end of this post…

 

1. Sisters of Mercy – Floodland
Kat: Not going to pretend we are too cool to love this heater of a classic. We wanted to share albums versus songs because recording a full-length release and looking at it as a cohesive statement was a new thing for us. But some of our shared staples, like this one, showcase the form so well. From the drums and guitar striking like thunder and lightning in the first seconds of “Dominion” (always let it play all the way through) to its swampy final conclusion, Floodland weaves its tonal and atmospheric motifs throughout every track. Not a concept record, but with a distinct feeling of beginning, middle and end. Not a rock opera, just Daddy Eldritch in his most megalomaniacal era, seeing how far he can push the camp and bombast that he says is satire but probably comes from a very earnest place. Using big words and existential concepts to divine personal meaning; sax solos, runtimes that prolong undeniably solid grooves to the point of a game of chicken. The dark and indulgent excess is magnificent and I want to bathe in it.

Adam: It will never not be funny that Andrew Eldritch recorded an 11-minute diss track with a 40-piece choir and harpsichord.

2. The Mall – Zone
Adam: This album will make you want to buy a synth. I mean I did, I bought two. I think I found this album through the YouTube algorithm, which is always nice. I listened to it quite a bit over the course of lockdown and the pandemic, and I used to play it a lot when I went back to work over the intercom. They called it ‘weird spacey music.’ They also fired me. The album, though, is great. It’s an interesting mix of EBM and synth pop but hardcore. Songs like ‘Habit’ or ‘An Answer’ are absolute earworms, and they’ve got some really great mournful melodies that I eat right up. I guess it kind of evokes a liminal space in a dead mall, or maybe I’m reaching a bit, but I love it all the same. Also, if you get a chance to see them live, watching them is a real treat. They do it all without a DAW, which is crazy!

3. Special Interest – The Passion Of
Kat: The Passion Of feels like where Special Interest distills its years of experimentation and chaos and tour and, and, and, and, into its defining sound and statement as a recorded group as much as a legendary live performance act. The live chaos and urgency transmutes to an oppressive and textured noise fog, dynamic enough for listeners to pick out a different nuance each time. Alli Logout’s vocal performance just sends me. Hardcore as fuck, hitting incredible notes, each of which delivering a different shade of emotion for every word, speech, homily, manifesto, whether sung, screamed, chanted, spoken, proselytized. I could reserve all those nouns and verbs for “Street Pulse Beat” alone. The dirty, groovy drum and synth tracks, crunchy bass tones, the words, the mood, the vibe. I listened to this album a lot while sick and housebound during the pandemic and it seeped deep into my bones. A fitting soundtrack to mourn an old life, sexily, and summon forth a new one.

Special Interest came through our city a couple times between 2017-2019 and made a massive impression on us. It was the “DISCO” era and I remember their sound and performance feeling really transgressive, especially with what I understood to be the ‘rules’ for aggressive guitar music at the time. It was my first time experiencing music that felt and looked hardcore, ferocious, that took up the same space as any d-beat or powerviolence band’s live drums with electronic beats. You wanted to throw down but also watch and listen because they brought such a distinct attitude and confrontational point of view.

I had such a limited tolerance for what I would accept as “worthy” musically, going into my 20s, and am still trying to outgrow this macho bullshit about things needing to be “heavy” to be worthwhile. But to some degree this was/is a reflection of (and overcorrection against) the attitudes around me, and this band has been here providing a reference point for how to be hardcore, but be sexy about it, provocative, dancey, confrontational in a more distinct way. Just straight up different, but bringing the same feeling and energy to the sound and crowd.

4. Godflesh – Streetcleaner
Adam: I never listened to much metal growing up because all the metal guys I grew up with were bigoted assholes, and the punk v. metal divide seemed so very important back then. I forget how exactly I heard of Godflesh but a metal band with Swans, Big Black and Killing Joke influences definitely caught my interest. That they did that all without a drummer was just weird enough to sell it to me. All their albums are great, but I think Streetcleaner is probably my favorite. Man, is this album GRIM. The atmosphere is so oppressive, so bleak, so heavy. It’s the Silent Hill pain dimension with drop-tuned guitars. Justin Broadrick is able to evoke such brutal imagery with his guitar, and G.C. Green’s bass playing is so pummeling, it all serves to create this hypnotic wall of sound that oozes discomfort. Misanthropy in its purest form. Godflesh are super creative with their drum machine patterns, and I always find something new whenever I listen to them.

5. Danzig – Danzig
Kat: Unironically and unapologetically my favourite record. I love Danzig in every era, it’s hard to choose just one album. But I think what endears me to Danzig most is that he is just simply unwilling or unable to be anything other than exactly who he is, and to me this album is the clearest statement of that.

If I have the timeline right, most of these songs were written and in the process of being recorded while Samhain was still a thing. Releasing an album under his own name meant Danzig wouldn’t have to deal with lineup change issues, but he was still bitter and had something to prove. And he still had that death rock stank on him.

It just feels like there was so much riding on this release that he could have gone too far to ~realize~ his ~vision~. But then you have literally Rick Rubin telling you what to do and who to get to make it sound absolutely perfect. Cooking all of Danzig’s angst and ambition and hubris down to its most concentrated form, removing from it anything extraneous, for a thrifty 40 minutes of relentless howling into a sparse, airless void above the band’s tight and driving grooves. It shouldn’t be anything more. It is exactly enough. And he needed to yield some control so he didn’t sabotage himself.

Reading this back it all just sounds like what I really like is the narrative I’ve created in my head from the lore of this album which–there you go, that’s it really. I have a parasocial relationship with this record.

Adam: Danzig benefits from having someone who isn’t Danzig behind the dials (or film camera).

P.S. Please give us a round of applause as two insufferable and very online music forum nerds of the 2010s who neither once here used the word “angular.” Disclosing for accountability that a second use of the phrase “wall of sound” was removed in editing. (lol)

Check out Dermabrasion’s latest single ‘Magic Missile’ below

Pre-order Dermabrasion’s debut album Pain Behaviour here

Follow Dermabrasion on bandcamp, SpotifyInstagram

Kate Crudgington
@KCBobCut

LISTEN: GIHE on Soho Radio Highlights of 2023 (11.12.23)

All three of the GIHE team were were back on Soho Radio’s airwaves for one final time this year, playing some of their favourite tracks that were released in 2023 by female, non-binary and LGBTQIA+ artists. Tash, Kate and Mari enthused about the eclectic mix of tracks on the playlist, including Maria Uzor, Circe, ARXX, SPIDER, Problem Patterns, Brenda, O Hell, Joanna Sternberg, Panic PocketSay She She and more.

The trio spoke about their favourite gigs, albums and tracks of the year, plus, they threw in a some alternative festive tracks from Tits Up, Peaness and Wyldest – ’tis the season after all. They also laughed their way through Great Western Train delays, Christmas party memories and fan-girled heavily over ARXX and Problem Patterns.

Huge love to everyone who has been a guest in the Soho Radio studio, or who’s listened in to our shows this year. Thank you for your support. We’ll be back on air in January 2024. Take it easy until then. x

Listen back to the show below:

Tracklist
The Big Moon – Carol Of The Bells
Sylvan Esso – Echo Party
Maria Uzor – Ventolin
Coolgirl – Druid’s Hood
pink suits – Refuse The Rules
Problem Patterns – Letter Of Resignation
girl with dream – H.R.T. (Heart Replacement Theory)
Girl Ray – Everybody’s Saying That
ARXX – Ride Or Die
CLT DRP – Nothing Clever, Just Feelings
Lauren Auder – The Ripple
Aldous Harding – The Barrel
Joanna Sternberg – I’ve Got Me
Tits Up – ChristmASS
Peaness – Kiss Me, Sweet Pea
Wyldest – Office Christmas Party
Scrounge – Starve
English Teacher – The World’s Biggest Paving Slab
O Hell – Hard Times
Circe – Riot Of Sunlight
ANONHI, Mykki Blanco, Kelsey Lu – French Lessons
Brenda – Microscopic Babe
Say She She – Astral Plane
Dream Phone – Bad Girls
SPIDER – America’s Next Top Model
Panic Pocket – Get Me
Anenome – Dregs
Sheherazaad – Mashoor
Midwife & Vyva Melinkolya – Hounds Of Heaven
Norah Jones – Blue Christmas

PLAYLIST: November 2023

The Get In Her Ears team have put together another eclectic mix of pure punk anthems, indie & alternative tunes, grunge & shoegaze musings and alt-pop and electronic sounds for your listening pleasure. Take some time to scroll through our track choices below, and make sure you press play on the playlist at the end of this post.

Follow GIHE on Spotify to hear all of our previous playlists too.

 

Problem Patterns – ‘Terfs Out’
Hosting Problem Patterns’ sold out London gig at Sebright Arms last Friday was a total dream. The second time they’ve played for us, and with support from total faves Fightmilk and band-on-the-rise Dogviolet, it was a wonderful night, topped off with an epic headline set from the Belfast punks – uniting the crowd in solidarity with both their swirling righteous anger and vibrant, joyous sense of fun. ‘Terfs Out’ is always a particularly powerful song to witness live, and one whose message in support of our Trans siblings is more poignant now than ever: “LGB is nothing if not for the T / so show up with some real solidarity.” Problem Patterns remain one of the most exciting bands around and deserve every success to come their way; having recently won a Northern Irish Music prize for best video, released their incredible debut album, Blouse Club, and shared a stage with total legends Le Tigre. I cannot wait to see what they have in store for us next.
(Mari Lane – Managing Editor)

pink suits – ‘Refuse The Rules’
Having blown us away with their immense live show on more than one occasion, Margate queer punk duo pink suits have become firm favourites at GIHE. We couldn’t be happier to hear that they’ll be releasing their second album in Spring 2024. Our first taster from the record comes in the form of perfectly raging new single, ‘Refuse The Rules’. Just over a minute and a half of pure empowered rage, it’s a scream for space – a refusal of the rules that have been historically created to limit people’s lives and freedoms. As Ray’s fierce growl and driving beats seethe alongside Lennie’s frenzied raw hooks, it offers a perfect raging catharsis; a short and sharp rallying cry, inciting us to stand up and make our voices heard in the face of suppression and aggression. Dystopian Hellscape, the upcoming second album from pink suits, is set for release in Spring 2024. (ML)

The Menstrual Cramps – ‘Body Politics’
I’ve been waiting a long time for new music from Bristol-based punk legends The Menstrual Cramps, and now it’s finally here! Released via the loveliest of labels, Alcopop! Records and sounding as vital as ever, ‘Body Politics’ is based around American philosopher Judith Butler’s idea of gender performativity (from her book ‘Gender Trouble’), and rallies against the ways in which gender constructs are forced upon us all under capitalism to benefit the patriarchal structure. Seething with their trademark ferocious energy, and building to a fierce RATM-esque climax, it’s a perfectly empowering and cathartic explosion of necessary rage. (ML)

Touch Excellent – ‘Overtone’
This is the latest single from Dublin punks Touch Excellent, who have described it as a “Trans Rights Anthem”. The track reflects on the band’s own experiences of the years-long waiting lists they’ve faced when trying to access trans health care in Ireland. They explain that the “heart of the song” is the personified “long wait”, where lead singer Lenny holds a 21 second wailing note, demonstrating the extended frustrations of those who are still waiting to be treated. (Kate Crudgington – Features Editor)

Jock – ‘Moving’
Belfast based queer punk band Jock have recently joined the VETA Records roster, and released this new anthem titled ‘Moving’. It’s inspired by the housing crisis in Northern Ireland and further afield, rumbling with a raw and righteous discontent. (KC)

HAVVK – ‘City Creep’
The latest single from total faves, Irish band HAVVK, ‘City Creep’ offers a stirring reflection on the impact that Dublin’s housing crisis is having on cultural spaces in the city. Propelled by a fierce energy as celestial vocals and scuzzy hooks seethe with an unrelenting sense of urgency, it showcases the band’s ability to exquisitely create a shimmering immersive grace whilst emanating a raw, politically-charged rage. ‘City Creep’ is out now via VETA Records, and we cannot wait for HAVVK to return to the Get In Her Ears stage, headlining for us on 28th March next year at Shacklewell Arms. Tickets are cheaper in advance. Get yours here. (ML)

SPRINTS – ‘Shadow Of A Doubt’
Described as their “most vulnerable moment to date”, Dublin punks SPRINTS have shared this cathartic anthem, which deals with the experience of “trauma, depression and the aftermath.” Vocalist and guitarist Karla Chubb’s clear, cutting lyrics reveal the intensity and range of emotions that underscored the track’s conception, which tentatively builds to a swell of all-encompassing noise. ‘Shadow Of A Doubt’ is taken from SPRINTS upcoming debut album, Letter To Self, which is set for release on 5th January 2024 via City Slang. (KC)

Schande – ‘52 Hz’
I’ve been a big fan of Schande for some time now, especially since they charmed our socks off at our first gig post-covid in November 2021. Their new single ‘52 Hz’ offers a soaring slice of shimmering shoegaze-tinged indie-pop; inspired by a whale whose calls resonate at a different frequency than other whales, it flutters with fizzing hooks and Jen Chochinov’s distinctive brooding vocals. A truly dreamy sonic experience. ‘52 Hz’ is out now via The Daydream Library Series, the house record label of Thurston Moore & Eva Prinz’ Ecstatic Peace Library. (ML)

Dermabrasion – ‘Goblin Dance’
This is only the second track I’ve heard from Dermabrasion, but the Toronto-based duo are fast becoming firm favourites of mine. Such a banger! ‘Goblin Dance’ is taken from the band’s upcoming debut album, Pain Behaviour, which is set for release on 26th January via Hand Drawn Dracula. (KC)

Meg Elsier – ‘iznotreal’
I love this new single from Nashville-based artist Meg Elsier. Punishingly heavy riffs and soft, sultry vocals – strong #GloomyGirl vibes, which we all know, are the best type of vibes. Check out the excellent accompanying video for it here. (KC)

Wisp – ‘Once then we’ll be free’
19 year old San Francisco-based artist WISP makes music inspired by the likes of Deftones, My Bloody Valentine and Whirr. This is her latest single and it’s full of brooding bass lines, hushed vocals and heavy reverb. I’m looking forward to hearing more from her in the near future. (KC)

Softcult – ‘Haunt You Still’
Toronto-based duo Softcult’s latest single is a shimmering reflection on the mark we leave on others in the extended aftermath of a breakup. Full of their trademark shadowy, swirling riffs and soft dual vocals, the band explore accountability and atonement on this bittersweet offering. (KC)

body / negative ft. Midwife – ‘sleepy’
This delicate lullaby by body / negative is a tender, moving ode to their late parents, accompanied by a deeply nostalgic video. I’ve loved everything that body / negative has released this year, and I’m looking forward to hearing their new record, everett, in full when it’s out on 8th December. (KC)

House Of Women – ‘Hypocrite’
London-based newcomers House Of Women released their debut EP, People Printing, via their own label earlier this month, and this track ‘Hypocrite’ is a standout listen. They will be headlining London’s Omeara on 5th December, so grab a ticket if you like what you hear. (KC)

Felicette – ‘Go To Hell’
Named after the first cat in space, Felicette are your new favourite DIY indie-pop band, formed of members of faves like Cheerbleederz, Supermilk and Doe. Set to release their debut EP next month, they’ve now shared the title track – a wonderfully scuzzy ode to the catharsis that comes with being honest about your feelings after being hurt. I love its grunge-tinged hooks and gritty energy, and can’t wait to hear more from this lot! Go To Hell, the debut EP from Felicette, is out on 5th December via Everything Sucks Music. (ML)

King Isis – ‘Make It Up’
“I wrote the first version of this song at home, going through lows in love and life,” explains Oakland-born artist King Isis about their latest single. Full of angsty lyrics and their smooth vocals, ‘Make It Up’ is a taste of what’s to come from the artist in the near future. The track is also accompanied by a brooding, vampire themed video, which you can watch here. (KC)

ARXX – ‘Baby Uh Huh’
As if a single from ARXX wasn’t exciting enough, the new one features a whole chorus of favourites! Including familiar voices from the likes of CLT DRP, Cherym, Soft Lad, Ailbhe Reddy, and DIY legend Beth White, this rendition of ‘Baby Uh Huh’ is a beautifully uplifting and empowering anthem, released to raise funds for We Exist – whose work is invaluable in supporting trans and queer communities. ARXX explain: “We were looking at the world around us, at all the attacks on Queer lives and in particular Trans lives, and we wanted to do something to show our support with our Queer community. ‘Baby Uh Huh’ is about finding the right people to surround yourself with to make you a better version of yourself, which is a very Queer experience.” Once again establishing themselves as master creators of the freshest, most addictive and most euphoric anthems, ARXX continue to make me fall more and more in love with them with each release. I can’t wait to see them live again on 7th December at The Lexington! Tickets still available here. (ML)

Personnel – ‘Her City I Was After’
Taken from their forthcoming album set for release next year, ‘Her City I Was After’ by Personnel was released via queer record label Staying Out Records. It’s a kind of unrequited love song to Soho. The song draws on places and characters finding queer life in London from the 30s to the 70s, with the video bringing it alive in the 90s, using archival footage by film maker Mark Harriott of direct action queer activist group OUTRAGE! Check it out now. The more I listen to that song the more I love it. (Tash Walker – Digital Editor)

ALYSS – ‘Hydra’
I am SO into this track from Alyss, who played live for us back in 2018 at Notting Hill Arts Club – which was such a great show! Talking about the track, ALYSS explains: “She is one. A singular point that has roamed between the shadow & ether of every cell for the past 7 years”. (TW)

Catherine Moan – ‘Undo Undo’
Another heady dose of synth-pop from Catherine Moan here. Released via Born Losers Records, the track is an intoxicating blend of Catherine’s honeyed vocals, 80s-esque electronics and catchy beats. (KC)

Seraphina Simone – ‘Liverpool’
This was my Track Of the Show on November’s Soho Radio show, we are LOVING it at Get In Her Ears! Seraphina wrote this while on tour with Self Esteem in Liverpool, and it’s all about love, loss and memory. Close your eyes and allow yourselves to dive deep into the sounds of Seraphina Simone. (TW)

Stainwasher – ‘Circle Trails’
Stockholm-based musician Stainwasher has released this “slowcore/dreampop gem” that explores how counterproductive infatuation and obsession can be. Released via Oh Sister Records, it’s a bittersweet, shoegazey rumination on wasted time. (KC)

Holysseus Fly – ‘Bloom’
Such a mesmerising track from Holysseus Fly, taken from her debut solo EP, Birthpool, released earlier this month. You may recognise Holly’s vocals from Ishmael Ensemble, where she is the vocalist and songwriter, but this is her solo iteration! She’s going to be headlining three UK shows this month, the first in Bristol at The exchange on the 23rd, Corsica Studio in London on 24th November, and the Carlton club on 28th. (TW)

Montañera – ‘Santa Mar’
London-based Columbian artist Montañera creates innovative immersive soundscapes fusing together traditional South American musical influences with contemporary ambient electronics. Featuring marimba player Cankita (from the band Bejuco) and the expressive voices of Las Cantadoras de Yerba Buena, a group of traditional singers from Tumaco, latest single ‘Santa Mar’ is poignant reflection on on peace, specifically for afro pacific women, and shimmers with a sweeping twinkling splendour and captivating raw emotion. A Flor de Piel, the new album from Montañera, is out now via Western Vinyl. (ML)

Ratboys – ‘The Window’
I’d been desperate to see Chicago’s Ratboys for some time (especially as this year’s album, The Window, is in my personal top five of 2023 for sure), so it was a real treat to finally catch them live at Omeara last Sunday, along with Norwich faves SUDS. Delivering a set even more dreamy than I could have hoped for, each lilting hook oozed fuzzy surf-pop perfection as front person Julia Steiner’s vocals exuded a shimmering raw emotion throughout. As the crowd sand and swayed along in blissful unity, it was captivating and comforting in equal measure; a much-needed ray of sunlight in an increasingly dark time. Thank you Ratboys! (ML)

Teens In Trouble – ‘Sharon’
With a collaborative split EP with LA based Desert Mambas out now, Teens In Trouble (the indie creative project of writer, guitarist, and vocalist Lizzie Killian) create perfect emo-tinged pop-punk with a quirky, playful energy and fuzzy allure. Offering emotive yet upbeat songs about being present in the moment and mental health, based on true stories/experiences of Killian, the EP provides a must-have soundtrack for anyone experiencing existential crises right now. Teens In Trouble / Desert Mambas, the split EP, is out now via Kill Rock Stars and Asian Man Records. (ML)

¡Ay Carmela! – ‘Rear View’
Bristol-based trio ¡Ay Carmela! have just released their much awaited second album, Tokens. Reflecting on themes around cherished memories and inevitable change, it showcases the band’s gritty ‘90s-inspired indie-rock sounds, interweaving their distinctive catchy hooks with a sparkling emotion. Tokens is out now. ¡Ay Carmela! will be playing for us at The Shacklewell Arms on 2nd February 2024, supporting German dream-pop band Roller Derby with Panic Pocket. Tickets are cheaper in advance and are available here. (ML)

Ida Kudo – ‘The Power That Is Woman’
With her upcoming new EP set for release in Spring next year, Danish-Japanese alt-pop artist Ida Kudo has recently shared anthemic single. Her first material in four years, ‘The Power That Is Woman’ is propelled by a fierce empowering energy and alluring soulful grace as Kudo urges us to fight for a new kind of leadership, putting people before profit.
‘The Power That Is Woman’ is produced by Andrew Hunt. (ML)

NESS NOST – ‘The Regular’
This is the second release from NESS NOST’s EP called ‘The Regular’. The song’s narrative centers around the protagonist working in a restaurant, this time being confronted by a regular customer, that ends with a decision between making a living, or standing up for herself to this overbearing man. Boundaries crossed, where in many places of work women have to choose between dignity or money. (TW)

 

LISTEN: GIHE on Soho Radio with afromerm (13.11.23)

Tash and Kate were back on Soho Radio’s airwaves playing loads of new music from some of their favourite female, non-binary and LGBTQIA+ artists! Mari offered some of her “musical musings” too. Artists featured on the eclectic playlist included Planningtorock, body/negative, Fraulein, HotWax, paun, LipGloss, Sheherazaad, Dermabrasion, deep tan, Seraphina Simone, SandunesVyva Melinkolya and more.

South London-based sound artist and GIHE fave afromerm also came into the studio to chat about winning an Oram Award – an award which celebrates Women, Trans, Non-Binary and Gender Expansive artists who are pushing the envelope of creativity in sound, music and related technology. She also spoke about her work as part of the NYX Drone Choir and the innovative motion-sensitive instrument she created for her undergraduate project called ‘Juniper’.

You can catch afromerm performing live at the Oram Awards Ceremony at Kings Place in London on 19th November. Tickets are free, but you need to register.

Listen back to the show below:

We’ll be back on Soho Radio on Monday 11th December from 12-2pm!
 Make sure you tune in via www.sohoradiolondon.com

Tracklist
Planningtorock – Transome
Personnel – Her City I Was After
ALYSS – Hydra
Sandunes – Feel Me From The Inside
Holysseus Fly – Bloom
body / negative ft. Midwife – everett
LipGloss – Anna (Walks Along The Street)
Chelsea Wolfe – Whispers In The Echo Chamber
Fraulein – The Last Drop
HotWax – High Tea
deep tan – xenomorph queen
NESS NOST – The Regular
Saff Juno – 5 O’clock Sun
Maple Glider – Don’t Kiss Me
paun – Double Standard
Mary Lovett – Tambor
afromerm – held
**Interview with afromerm**
Laura Misch – Sax Rise
Hilary Woods – Burial Rites
Seraphina Simone – Liverpool
Sheherazaad – Mashoor
Dermabrasion – Halberdier
Gross Misconduct – All My Fine Fabrics
A Lot, Not Too Much – Runnin’
Vyva Melinkolya, Midwife – Doomer GF Song
Gazelle Twin – Fear Keeps Us Alive
Queen Latifah – U.N.I.T.Y.